Tune a new printer or a new filament
A new printer or a new roll of filament prints better after a few test pieces. Do them in this order: each test assumes the one before it is right.
Start here: check that the first layer sticks evenly in every corner of the bed.

First Layer Test
Check bed leveling in every corner
3D PrintingThen check sizes: a cube with marked axes that you can measure.

Calibration Cube
XYZ cube with engraved axes
3D PrintingFind the temperature at which this filament looks best.

Temperature Tower
Find the best temperature for a filament
3D PrintingThin towers that show stringing, to set retraction.

Retraction Test
Towers that reveal stringing
3D PrintingLast: find the clearance at which parts from your printer fit together.

Tolerance Test
Find the right clearance for your printer
3D Printing
Write the results on the spool. The clearance you find is the number to enter in tools that have a fit or clearance setting.